As a University researcher you may create or co-create valuable Intellectual Property (IP). Here’s how to know who owns the IP, and how and when to protect it.
What is intellectual property?
Intellection Property – or IP – describes creations of the mind that can be legally owned and protected. Your IP can include the subject matter, methods and tools you create as part of your research.
Examples of IP include:
- Literary, artistic, musical and dramatic works
- Field and laboratory notebooks
- Cinematographic and multimedia works
- Performances of performing artists, sound recordings and broadcast
- Patentable and non-patentable inventions
- Registered and unregistered designs, plant varieties and topographies
- Circuit layouts
- Registered and unregistered trademarks, service marks and commercial names and designations
- Other databases, computer software and related material
- Scientific discoveries
- Know-how and other proprietary information.
Who owns IP?
IP ownership depends on the type of IP, the relationship its creators hold with the University, the existence of any legal agreements in which IP ownership is specifically defined, and the University Statute and IP Policy.
The University encourages an entrepreneurial culture. So, we share any financial benefits from commercialising IP between all IP creators. For more information, refer to the Who owns the IP I create guide.
Staff intellectual property
The University owns the IP you create as a staff member in the course of, or incidental to, your employment, except for scholarly works. If we receive any financial benefits from commercialising the IP you create, we share this with you as the creator, less costs involved in protecting and commercialising the IP.
Graduate research intellectual property
As a graduate researcher, you may be involved in creating IP under a number of different scenarios which could impact IP ownership. For more information, see Understanding Intellectual Property for students.
Using third-party intellectual property
Before using IP owned by an external party, including collaborators in a research project or in developing a software or multimedia product for example, the University may need to have that party's permission.
As a researcher, you must carefully document the date and conditions of use of all third-party IP. That way, we can help you determine if its use affects the ownership of any IP you create.
Indigenous Cultural and Intellectual Property
The University recognises and respects Indigenous Cultural and Intellectual Property.
When conducting and conceiving of research with respect to Indigenous Cultural and Intellectual Property and Indigenous Knowledge Holders, staff, honorary appointees, visitors and students are expected to refer to the Charter for Research with Indigenous Knowledge Holders.
Protecting IP
If you're excited about something you've discovered through your research, then it's likely you have created IP worth protecting.
It’s important that you tell us about it by completing an IP Disclosure and discuss the best pathways to achieve impact from your IP and ways to protect it.
Different types of IP can be protected in different ways.
Patents
The most formal registration process to acknowledge your creative intellectual property is a patent. A patent is a right that is granted by a government, being "any device, substance, method or process, that is new inventive and useful".
Know-how
Know-how is valuable practical knowledge, specific technical skills and experience that one party has developed and has treated confidentially. Often, it is not even written down.
Trade Secrets
Trade Secrets refer to confidential and valuable technical information, like experimental results, recipes, formulas and processes, or operational information like research strategy, customer databases and competitor analysis. Trade secrets can be shared under the protection of a Confidential Disclosure Agreement, or converted to another type of intellectual property, like a patent or copyright.
Copyright
Copyright protects the way ideas are expressed and it is created when the expression is made into a work that is fixed in its final form. This could be software, a book, a play, or a piece of music. It does not protect the underlying idea that is being expressed. Copyright protection is automatic in Australia. The University’s Copyright Office can provide further guidance, resources, and practical examples.
Registered Design
While a patent protects the way something works, a Registered Design protects the way a product looks. A design may consist of three-dimensional features, like the shape of an article, or two-dimensional features including patterns, lines or colour.
Plant Breeders Rights
Plant Breeders Rights are exclusive commercial rights protecting new varieties of plants, like tastier strawberries or more vibrantly-coloured roses.
Trademarks
Trademarks are a badge of origin. They are a unique way of identifying products and services offered by different businesses and organisations. They can protect a letter, number, word, phrase, sound, smell, shape, logo, picture or movement.
Contact us
Understanding IP and how to protect it can be complex.
The University’s Knowledge and Technology Transfer team can answer any questions you have.
Not sure if you have an idea worth protecting? Speak with your Faculty Business Development Manager who can guide you.
First published on 11 August 2023.
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Considerations when presenting or publishing your research
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Disclosing your IP
We help researchers and staff protect their ideas and find ways to develop them further. Here’s how, when and why you must tell the University of Melbourne about your IP.
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Funding to develop your idea
The University of Melbourne’s end-to-end investment and funding supports researchers through all stages of the research commercialisation process.