What is a concern? - Definitions

Making up data, source material, methodologies or findings, including graphs and images.

Manipulating, changing or omitting data without acknowledgement. This includes changes to source material, methodologies, findings, graphs or images. Changes and omissions lead to inaccurate findings or conclusions.

Destroying one’s own or another’s research data or records to avoid the detection of wrongdoing. Or a destruction that contravenes the applicable agreement, policy, law, regulation or standard.

Presenting and using another’s work as one's own, without appropriate referencing. Or without gaining permission, when permission is required.

Another's work includes the following, and can be either published or unpublished:

• theories
• concepts
• data
• source material
• methodologies
• findings
• graphs
• images.

Republishing one’s own published work or data, without acknowledging the source or justification. This republication could be in the same or another language.

Listing an author who has not contributed sufficiently to take responsibility for intellectual content. Or agreeing to be listed as an author, when there was little or no material contribution.

Failure to appropriately recognise the contributions of others. Recognition must be consistent with their respective contributions. And with the authorship policies of relevant publications.

Failure to manage any real, potential or perceived conflict of interest. These should be managed using the University’s policy on conflict of interest in research.

Providing incomplete, inaccurate or false information in a grant or award application. It includes misrepresentation in related documents, such as a letter of support or a progress report.

Using research funds (such as contract, grant or awards funds) for purposes inconsistent with the agreement. Or misappropriating research, grant or award funds. Or in accurately documenting expenditures from grant or award accounts.